Rep Council Wrap-Up: Spring 2016
May 13, 2016
By Geoff Kimmerly
Second Half editor
The Representative Council of the Michigan High School Athletic Association continued to create opportunities for participation in high school athletics during its annual Spring Meeting, May 1-2, in Glen Arbor, with a pair of actions designed to assist more schools in forming cooperative programs.
The Spring Meeting of the 19-member legislative body of the Association’s more than 1,400 member schools is generally the busiest of its three sessions each year. The Council considered 18 committee proposals and also dealt with a variety of eligibility rule, postseason tournament and operational issues.
Among proposals approved was a recommendation by the MHSAA Classification Committee designed to promote opportunities for schools demonstrating a long-standing lack of participation in baseball, bowling, competitive cheer, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis and wrestling – provided those schools are part of the same public school district or fall under the same governing body. The new exception will allow, by Executive Committee approval, eligible schools to form cooperative programs regardless of enrollment limits placed on other schools and in other sports – currently, schools forming a co-op program in these sports must have an enrollment of fewer than 1,000 students.
The Council also voted to add opportunities for cooperative programs in all sports at the subvarsity level for schools showing a history of lack of participation. Again with Executive Committee approval, two or more member high schools may form a cooperative at the subvarsity level only regardless of student enrollment restrictions that would prevent the same cooperative at the varsity level. Students on these subvarsity cooperative teams would have varsity eligibility only with their school of actual enrollment should they be brought up to a varsity team.
The Council continued its work on health and safety that has been emphasized during the past seven years of an eight-year campaign focused on “4 H’s” – Health Histories, Heads, Heat and Hearts.
The Council approved enhancements to the MHSAA Physical Exam/Clearance/Consent Forms that in part include an annual requirement that students and parents acknowledge reading concussion education information. This enhancement is consistent with requirements of the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services.
A number of changes regarding rules meeting requirements for coaches beginning in 2017-18 also were authorized. Concussion education will be the focus of the meetings’ health and safety section every other year, with other health and safety topics (including overuse injuries, sudden cardiac arrest and heat illness) alternating in off years. High school assistant and subvarsity coaches will be required to complete the same rules/risk management meeting as high school varsity head coaches after previously having additional options by which to satisfy the requirement. At all levels, coaches will not be allowed to coach in the MHSAA tournament for that sport in that season if they do not comply with the rules meeting requirement.
For football, the Council approved a Football Committee recommendation stating that teams, after their first game, should partake in no more than 90 minutes of collision practice per week. Currently, teams are allowed two days of collision practice after their first game, but this new recommendation suggests a minute limit as well. During other days of practice, players still may wear helmets and other protective pads (although neither is mandatory) and practice blocking and tackling technique against pads, shields, sleds or dummies.
The Council also heard plans for the second year of the MHSAA’s sideline concussion testing pilot program and received a summary of the first meeting of the MHSAA Task Force on Multi-Sport Participation.
Here is a summary of other actions taken by the Representative Council at the Spring Meeting, which will take effect during the 2016-17 school year unless noted:
Handbook/Administrative Matters
• Out-of-season coaching rules were adjusted to allow teams of both genders playing the same sport to both host four-player skill group sessions with different coaches but at the same facility at the same time. Currently, only one four-player group in each sport, per school, can train at a facility at one time.
• Additional language regulating competition against out-of-state opponents prohibits MHSAA schools from participating in events involving teams from other states unless all of those teams at the event are bona fide school teams (not sports academy, club or community teams) and are members of their respective National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) member high school associations, if eligible.
Sport Matters
• In bowling, the number of athletes allowed on an MHSAA Regionals and Finals roster was reduced from eight to seven after past seasons showed the eighth bowler rarely was involved in competition. Teams may bowl up to five during competition and may still have up to two substitutes, but the roster reduction should reduce congestion in the competition area of bowling centers during events.
• In competitive cheer, the Council approved two committee recommendations intended to make uniforms more consistent for all teams: Beginning during the 2017-18 season, all hair bows must be one solid color and not include adornments; and beginning in 2019-20, all uniforms must be free from cutouts and adornments including sequins, rhinestones, studs, glitter, etc.
• For football, in addition to the collision practice recommendation, the Council voted to allow MHSAA staff to request permission from the National Federation to experiment with using a 40-second play clock for the 2016 season. If granted, individual schools, with agreement of opponents and/or their leagues, may request MHSAA permission to conduct a contest using this timing option. Teams automatically would have 40 seconds to snap the ball from the end of the previous play, rather than the current 25 seconds after the official sets the ball and signals for the play clock to begin. (If play has been stopped by a timeout or penalty, the offense still will have 25 seconds to snap from the time the referee sets the ball and starts the play clock.)
• In golf, the Council approved a committee recommendation to add a sixth Regional tournament for the Lower Peninsula for both girls and boys, allowing for three more teams and three more individual players to qualify for the Lower Peninsula Finals. In adding the sixth Regional, the Council also voted to eliminate Lower Peninsula Districts from the boys tournament, pursuant to the Golf Committee’s recommendation. However, while eliminating one round of play for the boys, the addition of another Regional for both boys and girls will bring the field to 108 players for each gender for the MHSAA championship rounds.
• In ice hockey, an additional option to MHSAA overtime procedures was approved that will allow teams playing a two-game total-goal series to proceed to an overtime shootout after the second game to determine a series winner if the total goals are tied at the end of the two games. Schools must receive MHSAA approval prior to the series start.
• In boys lacrosse, a tournament with eight Regionals advancing champions to four Quarterfinals was approved; the current bracket includes only four Regionals and advances those champions to Semifinals in each division.
• In volleyball, the Council approved an adjustment that standardizes where Class C and D Quarterfinals will be played when including one Upper Peninsula and one Lower Peninsula team. In even years, the Quarterfinal will be played in the Lower Peninsula for Class C and the Upper Peninsula for Class D. In odd years, Class C will be played in the Upper Peninsula and Class D in the Lower Peninsula.
The Council also reviewed reports on membership, with 755 senior high schools and 705 junior high/middle schools in 2015-16; eligibility advancement applications, which totaled five for the year; the use of Educational Transfer Forms, which again held steady this year; school violations, attendance at athletic director in-service workshops and Coaches Advancement Program sessions, officials’ registrations, rules meetings attendance and officials reports submitted for the past three sports seasons. The Association’s $10.7 million budget for the 2016-17 school year also was approved.
The Representative Council is the 19-member legislative body of the MHSAA. All but five are elected by member schools. Four members are appointed by the Council to facilitate representation of females and minorities, and the 19th position is occupied by the Superintendent of Public Instruction or designee.
The MHSAA is a private, not-for-profit corporation of voluntary membership by more than 1,400 public and private senior high schools and junior high/middle schools which exists to develop common rules for athletic eligibility and competition. No government funds or tax dollars support the MHSAA, which was the first such association nationally to not accept membership dues or tournament entry fees from schools. Member schools which enforce these rules are permitted to participate in MHSAA tournaments, which attract more than 1.4 million spectators each year.
2017-18 Report Shows Fewer Concussions
August 8, 2018
By Geoff Kimmerly
Second Half editor
Concussions are down, according to data compiled by the Michigan High School Athletic Association during its third year of collecting head injury reports from member high schools.
The work is not done – but this year’s data reinforces trends that emerged during the first two years of reporting and will assist the MHSAA as it explores solutions to continue reducing the incidence of head injuries in school sports.
The 2017-18 concussion report found a 9.6-percent decrease in the number of confirmed concussions from the previous year. Student-athletes at MHSAA member high schools encountered during 2017-18 a total of 3,580 head injuries – or 4.8 per member school, compared to the 2016-17 average of 5.2. Total participation in MHSAA sports for 2017-18 was 284,920 – with students counted once for each sport he or she played – and only 1.3 percent of participants experienced a head injury, down from 1.4 in 2016-17 and 1.6 percent the first year of the study.
As first mandated in 2015-16, member schools are required to report head injuries to the MHSAA identifying the sport that each student-athlete was participating in and whether the injury was sustained during practice or competition. Schools also are required to designate at which level – varsity, junior varsity or freshman – the injury occurred.
The full report of all head injuries experienced during 2017-18 by student-athletes at MHSAA member high schools – including percentages by sport (per 1,000 participants), gender and team level, as well as data tracking when athletes returned to play – is available by clicking here.
Consistent with the first two years of the study, the MHSAA received data from more than 99 percent of its member high schools after the fall, winter and spring seasons and continued to track each injury report through its conclusion this summer. Member junior high and middle schools also were allowed, although not mandated, to report their potential head injuries; and those findings are not part of the published report.
The decrease in overall head injury reports collected for 2017-18 follows a similar reduction from 2015-16 to 2016-17 – and brings the total decrease to 19.6 percent fewer reports since the first year of the study.
MHSAA Executive Director John E. “Jack” Roberts noted that the decreases in reports, both year to year and since the first year of the survey, likely have some relation to year-to-year fluctuation, refinement of the follow-up reporting process and a better understanding by schools of what is not to be included for the survey – including head injuries not diagnosed as concussions and head injuries that did not take place during MHSAA-sponsored activities.
However, the findings of this year’s study – and their similarities to the findings from the first two surveys – has begun to clarify the identification and understanding of trends. Continuing to emerge perhaps most prominently is the higher incidence of concussion reports from girls sports – and pertinent questions about physiological and social causes behind those results.
“With three years of reporting by virtually 100 percent of our high schools, what we’re learning is no longer anecdotal; the results are beginning to identify valid trends and genuine issues that need to be addressed,” Roberts said. “For example, it’s even clearer than before that girls are reporting three times the number of concussions as boys when comparing similar sports – soccer, basketball and baseball versus softball. As a result, we’ve already begun to incorporate these gender differences into our coaches education, and the writers of high school playing rules are obligated to focus on these gender differences as well.”
Although the total number of confirmed concussions was significantly lower again in 2017-18, a number of findings detailing those injuries fell in line with results of the first two surveys.
Boys experienced 2,373– or 66 percent – of those injuries, the same ratio as 2016-17, and not surprisingly as boys have a much higher participation in contact sports. More than half of head injuries – 56 percent – were experienced by varsity athletes, which for the second year also fell within a percent difference of the previous year’s findings.
A total of 2,330 head injuries – or 65 percent – came in competition as opposed to practice. More than half took place during either the middle of practice or middle of competition as opposed to the start or end, and 52 percent of injuries were a result of person-to-person contact. The MHSAA also asked schools to report the number of days between the head injury and the athlete’s return to activity – and the two largest groups, both at 24 percent, returned to activity after either 6 to 10 days of rest or 11 to 15. All of these findings were within 1-3 percent of those discovered from the 2016-17 data.
Contact sports again revealed the most head injuries. Ranking first was football, 11 and 8-player combined, with 41 head injuries per 1,000 participants – a decrease for the second straight year, this time from 44 head injuries per 1,000 participants in 2016-17 and down from 49 head injuries per 1,000 football participants shown by the first study in 2015-16.
Ice hockey repeated with the second-most injuries per 1,000, with 32 (down from 36 injuries per 1,000 from 2016-17 and 38 per 1,000 in 2015-16), and girls soccer and wrestling tied for third with 25 head injuries per 1,000 participants – girls soccer down from 28 head injuries per 1,000 participants and wrestling down from 26 per 1,000 in 2016-17.
Also consistent with 2016-17, the next five sports (after football and hockey) to show the highest incidences of head injuries were girls sports – girls soccer followed by girls basketball (22 per 1,000), girls competitive cheer (20) and girls lacrosse (20). Boys lacrosse (17), girls gymnastics (16) and boys soccer (12) were the only other sports to show double-digit head injuries per 1,000 participants.
Females again reported significantly more concussions than males playing the same or similar sports – soccer, basketball and baseball/softball. Female soccer players reported more than double the concussions per 1,000 participants as male soccer players (25 to 12), while female basketball players also reported more than double the number of concussions per 1,000 participants (22 to 9). Softball players reported seven concussions per 1,000 participants, and baseball players reported three per 1,000. Although the percentage differences vary from year to year, the results of all three comparisons remained consistent with what the survey found in 2015-16 and 2016-17.
The MHSAA in 2018-19 is directing its sport committees to focus on a pair of questions – how to increase participation and how to make their specific sports safer – the latter aiming to put some of what has been learned from concussion reporting into practice. The MHSAA also is continuing to invite Michigan’s universities, health care systems and the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) to take part in analyzing the data and resulting questions that have arisen during the past three years.
“Regrettably, I do not see a nationwide head injury reporting effort likely,” Roberts said. “First, it’s hard to coordinate 50 states’ efforts. And second, if left to medical professionals, the survey tool might become so cumbersome that schools would be reluctant to participate – and certainly, it would not get the 99.9 percent cooperation that we’ve enjoyed from schools over these three years.”
Schools report possible concussions online via the MHSAA Website. Reports are then examined by members of the MHSAA staff, who follow up with school administrators as those student-athletes continue to receive care and eventually return to play. Student privacy is protected.
The reporting of possible concussions is part of a three-pronged advance by the MHSAA in concussion care begun during the 2015-16 school year. The MHSAA completed in spring 2017 the largest-ever state high school association sideline concussion testing pilot program, with a sample of schools from across the state over two years using one of two screening tests designed to detect concussions. The MHSAA also was the first state association to provide all participants at every member high school and junior high/middle school with insurance intended to pay accident medical expense benefits – covering deductibles and co-pays left unpaid by other policies – resulting from head injuries sustained during school practices or competitions and at no cost to either schools or families.
Previously, the MHSAA also was among the first state associations to adopt a return-to-play protocol that keeps an athlete out of activity until at least the next day after a suspected concussion, and allows that athlete to return to play only after he or she has been cleared unconditionally for activity by a doctor (M.D. or D.O.), physician’s assistant or nurse practitioner.
In addition, the MHSAA’s Coaches Advancement Program – which includes courses that must be completed by all varsity head coaches hired for the first time at a member school – provides substantial instruction on concussion care. Separately, rules meetings that are required viewing for high school varsity and subvarsity head and assistant coaches at the start of each season include detailed training on caring for athletes with possible head injuries.