Study: Single-Sport Athletes Injured More
November 3, 2016
A study conducted by the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and funded by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) Foundation revealed that high school athletes who specialize in a single sport sustain lower-extremity injuries at significantly higher rates than athletes who do not specialize in one sport.
The study was conducted throughout the 2015-16 school year at 29 high schools in Wisconsin involving more than 1,500 student-athletes equally divided between male and female participants. The schools involved in the study represented a mixture of rural (14), suburban (12) and urban (3) areas, and enrollments were equally diverse with 10 small schools (less than 500 students), 10 medium schools (501-1,000 students) and nine large schools (more than 1,000 students).
Athletes who specialized in one sport were twice as likely to report previously sustaining a lower-extremity injury while participating in sports (46%) than athletes who did not specialize (24%). In addition, specialized athletes sustained 60 percent more new lower-extremity injuries during the study than athletes who did not specialize. Lower-extremity injuries were defined as any acute, gradual, recurrent or repetitive-use injury to the lower musculoskeletal system.
“While we have long believed that sport specialization by high school athletes leads to an increased risk of overuse injury, this study confirms those beliefs about the potential risks of sport specialization,” said Bob Gardner, NFHS executive director. “Coaches, parents and student-athletes need to be aware of the injury risks involved with an overemphasis in a single sport.”
Among those who reported previously sustaining a lower-extremity injury, the areas of the body injured most often were the ankle (43%) and knee (23%). The most common types of previous injuries were ligament sprains (51%) and muscle/tendon strains (20%).
New injuries during the year-long study occurred most often to the ankle (34%), knee (25%) and upper leg (13%), with the most common injuries being ligament sprains (41%), muscle/tendon strains (25%) and tendonitis (20%).
In addition, specialized athletes were twice as likely to sustain a gradual onset/repetitive-use injury than athletes who did not specialize, and those who specialized were more likely to sustain an injury even when controlling for gender, grade, previous injury status and sport.
Thirty-four (34) percent of the student-athletes involved in the Wisconsin study specialized in one sport, with females (41%) more likely to specialize than males (28%). Soccer had the highest level of specialization for both males (45%) and females (49%). After soccer, the rate of specialization for females was highest for softball (45%), volleyball (43%) and basketball (37%). The top specialization sports for males after soccer were basketball (37%), tennis (33%) and wrestling (29%).
The study, which was directed by Timothy McGuine, Ph.D., ATC, of the University of Wisconsin, also documented the effects of concurrent sport participation (participating in an interscholastic sport while simultaneously participating in an out-of-school club sport), which indicated further risk of athletes sustaining lower-extremity injuries.
Almost 50 percent of the student-athletes involved in the survey indicated they participated on a club team outside the school setting, and 15 percent of those individuals did so while simultaneously competing in a different sport within the school. Seventeen (17) percent of the student-athletes indicated that they took part in 60 or more primary sport competitions (school and club) in a single year. Among those student-athletes in this group who sustained new lower-extremity injuries during the year, 27 percent were athletes who specialized in one sport.
The student-athletes involved in the study were deemed “specialized” if they answered “yes” to at least four of the following six questions: 1) Do you train more than 75 percent of the time in your primary sport?; 2) Do you train to improve skill and miss time with friends as a result?; 3) Have you quit another sport to focus on one sport?; 4) Do you consider your primary sport more important than your other sports?; 5) Do you regularly travel out of state for your primary sport?; 6) Do you train more than eight months a year in your primary sport?
Although some sports (field hockey, lacrosse) are not offered in Wisconsin and were not included in the study, the study concluded that since specialization increased the risk of lower-extremity injuries in sports involved in the survey it would also likely increase the risk of injuries in sports that were not a part of the study.
Finalists Announced for 2024-25 MHSAA/Farm Bureau Insurance Scholar-Athlete Awards
By
Geoff Kimmerly
MHSAA.com senior editor
January 21, 2025
The 120 finalists for the Michigan High School Athletic Association's Scholar-Athlete Awards for the 2024-25 school year, presented by Farm Bureau Insurance, have been announced.
The program, in its 36th year, has recognized student-athletes since the 1989-90 school year and again this winter will honor 32 individuals from MHSAA member schools who participate in at least one sport in which the Association sponsors a postseason tournament.
Farm Bureau Insurance underwrites the Scholar-Athlete Awards and will present a $2,000 scholarship to each recipient. Since the beginning of the program, 960 scholarships have been awarded.
Scholarships will be presented proportionately by school classification, with 12 scholarships to be awarded to Class A student-athletes, six female and six male; eight scholarships awarded to Class B student-athletes, four female and four male; six scholarships awarded to Class C student-athletes, three female and three male; and four scholarships awarded to Class D student-athletes, two female and two male. In addition, two scholarships will be awarded at-large to minority recipients, regardless of school size.
Every MHSAA member high school could submit as many applications as there are scholarships available in its classification and could have more than one finalist. Birmingham Seaholm has six finalists this year, while Munising and Whitehall have four, and Bloomfield Hills Cranbrook Kingswood, Midland Dow and West Bloomfield each have three finalists. Eight schools have two finalists: Ann Arbor Greenhills, Ann Arbor Huron, Bloomfield Hills, Detroit Catholic Central, Grosse Pointe South, Kingsford, Olivet, and Saline.
Multiple-sport participation remains the norm among applicants. The average sport participation rate of the finalists is 2.88. There are 75 three-plus sport participants in the finalists field, and all but one of the 28 sports in which the MHSAA sponsors postseason tournaments are represented.
Of 431 schools which submitted applicants, 25 submitted the maximum allowed. This year, 1,513 applications were received. All applicants will be presented with certificates commemorating their achievement. Additional Scholar-Athlete Award information, including a complete list of scholarship nominees, can be found on the Scholar-Athlete page.
The applications were judged by a 65-member committee of school coaches, counselors, faculty members, administrators and board members from MHSAA member schools. Selection of the 32 scholarship recipients will take place in early February. Class C and D scholarship recipients will be announced Feb. 4, Class B scholarship recipients will be announced Feb. 11 and Class A scholarship recipients will be announced Feb. 18. All announcements will be made on the MHSAA Website.
To be eligible for the award, students must have a cumulative grade-point average of 3.50 (on a 4.0 scale) and previously have won a varsity letter in at least one sport in which the MHSAA sponsors a postseason tournament. Students also were asked to respond to a series of short essay questions and submit two letters of recommendation and a 500-word essay on the importance of sportsmanship in educational athletics.
Farm Bureau Insurance of Michigan was founded in 1949 by Michigan farmers who wanted an insurance company that worked as hard as they did. Those values still guide the company today and are a big reason why it is known as Michigan’s Insurance Company, dedicated to protecting the farms, families, and businesses of this great state. Farm Bureau Insurance agents across Michigan provide a full range of insurance services—life, home, auto, farm, business, retirement, Lake Estate®, and more—protecting nearly 500,000 Michigan policyholders.
The MHSAA is a private, not-for-profit corporation of voluntary membership by more than 1,500 public and private senior high schools and junior high/middle schools which exists to develop common rules for athletic eligibility and competition. No government funds or tax dollars support the MHSAA, which was the first such association nationally to not accept membership dues or tournament entry fees from schools. Member schools which enforce these rules are permitted to participate in MHSAA tournaments, which attract more than 1.3 million spectators each year.
2024-25 Scholar-Athlete Award Finalists
GIRLS CLASS A
Clara Freeth, Ann Arbor Huron
Katherine Ma, Ann Arbor Huron
Avery Allen, Birmingham Seaholm
Ella Gifford, Birmingham Seaholm
Grace Johnson-Sears, Birmingham Seaholm
Selina Lin, Birmingham Seaholm
Madeline Day, Bloomfield Hills Cranbrook Kingswood
Sophia Y. Tang, Bloomfield Hills Cranbrook Kingswood
Sydney Law, Byron Center
Nadine Fayad, Dearborn
Alaa Selman, Dearborn Heights Crestwood
Eleni Michos, Dexter
Grace Tykocki, Grand Blanc
Kylie Pung, Howell
Bomin Koo, Jenison
Kortney Osborn, Mason
Ayesha Middha, Midland Dow
Chikanma Okoisor, Midland Dow
Tara Creekmore, Plymouth
Katherine McLaughlin, Portage Central
Grace Roth, Saline
Madeline Bildeaux, Traverse City West
Carly Lyons, West Bloomfield
Natalie Weissman, West Bloomfield
BOYS CLASS A
Sean Wesolek, Bay City John Glenn
Milan Patel, Birmingham Seaholm
Carson J. Wright, Birmingham Seaholm
Noah Kaplan, Bloomfield Hills
Asher Langwell, Bloomfield Hills
Calvin Meeker, Bloomfield Hills Cranbrook Kingswood
Nicholas Leiter, Detroit Catholic Central
Peter Sanin, Detroit Catholic Central
Lucas Groulx, Flint Kearsley
Elijah Lipke, Grand Rapids Forest Hills Central
Gruhith Yerramalli, Grosse Pointe North
Jack J. Lupo, Grosse Pointe South
James Michelotti, Grosse Pointe South
Joseph Spada, Kalamazoo Central
Andrew Creedon, Livonia Churchill
Nimai Patel, Midland Dow
Cameron McVittie, Northville
Nathan Beemer, Okemos
Drew F. Cady, Oxford
Hunter Easton, Saline
Auben Wesley, South Lyon
Owen Przybylski, Temperance Bedford
Asher Paul, Traverse City Central
Brady Scheidt, West Bloomfield
GIRLS CLASS B
Hannah Lee, Ann Arbor Greenhills
Eleana Zhuang, Ann Arbor Greenhills
Madison Cole, Battle Creek Pennfield
Addison Seemann, Freeland
Lauren Sundquist, Gladstone
Sierra Grooters, Hudsonville Unity Christian
Madelynn Kreider, Kingsford
Nadia Marie Grierson, Ludington
Anna Catherine Boggs, Monroe Jefferson
Marlee Plaxco, Negaunee
Hailey Dodd, Parma Western
Alaina Hanson, Reed City
Alexandrea Komarowski, St. Clair
Scarlet Maison, Standish-Sterling
Camille Kraai, Whitehall
Grace McDowell, Whitehall
BOYS CLASS B
Maxwell Volk, Chesaning
Alan Mrva, Corunna
Isaak E. Rubley, Dundee
Brayden Joslin, Durand
Brayden Bryan Lape, Grass Lake
Corbin Allen, Grayling
Oliver Costello, Haslett
Jayse Peterson, Hastings
Caden James VanHuis, Holland Christian
Gavin J. Trevillian, Kingsford
Nicholas Caldwell, North Branch
Benjamin Kelenske, Olivet
Blair Scott, Olivet
Owen T. Feldpausch, Owosso
Ryan Goodrich, Whitehall
Brady Tate, Whitehall
GIRLS CLASS C
Baylee Goddard, Alcona
Kaylee A. Kranz, Clinton
Kelcie Jo Pung, Fowler
Alexyn DuBois, Hanover-Horton
Grace Hayhurst, Harbor Springs
Allie Nowak, Johannesburg-Lewiston
Dayne Behning, Munising
Kate Mattson, Munising
Ashlyn Orr, New Lothrop
Tess Tillman, Royal Oak Shrine Catholic
Makayla Zelinko, St. Charles
BOYS CLASS C
Lucas Hall, Bark River-Harris
Owen Heath, Bridgman
Jason Zarate, Brighton Charyl Stockwell Prep
Matthew Mellendorf, Cass City
Korbyn Russell, East Jordan
Isaiah Kabban, Harbor Beach
Carson Kienitz, Munising
Trevor Nolan, Munising
Ian Weldon, Reese
Ben Denlinger, Roscommon
Wheatley Rodammer, Saginaw Valley Lutheran
Landon Pestrue, St. Louis
GIRLS CLASS D
Keira Jean Graham, Bessemer
Molly Coppens, Chesterfield Austin Catholic
Sarah Bradley, Clarkston Everest Collegiate
Ella Grace Gasperich, Crystal Falls Forest Park
Leah Durfee, Fife Lake Forest Area
Ella Knudsen, Leland
Mallory Rich, Muskegon Catholic Central
Kaitlyn Miros, Saginaw Nouvel
BOYS CLASS D
Seth Davis, Adrian Lenawee Christian
Owen Plum, Britton Deerfield
Joshua Gaunt, Dollar Bay
Dakota Malek, Fulton
Andrew Spiegel, Hillsdale Academy
Carter Kosinski, Kinde North Huron
Alex Tyndall, Mason County Eastern
Grady Pieratt, Mount Pleasant Sacred Heart